Aristotle and Hobbes on the Nature of Man - 822 Words

Why do men do what they do? Do some just have the right natural morals or do they just have a beast within their chest. To know the true facts of how the world of the boys, in Lord of the Flies turned from utopia in to a dystopia the reader must understand what Natural Actions of Men are. Therefore the introductions of Aristotle’s theory of Natural Man vs. Hobbes’s theory of Natural Man are placed on characters within the novel. Aristotle lays down two key ideas with in his theory of â€Å"Human Nature†. The first idea is the ethnic qualities of man, which included the features of thought and body and is a development for contemplative excellence. The Second part of this theory is Aristotle gives the outlook that life with contemplations is the basis of a truly good life. This includes his views of how human incentives and the role of one’s qualities will lead one to living the good life. In â€Å"The Politics† Suzie Sparague introduces Aristotleâ⠂¬â„¢s well thought out argument, in which Aristotle argues that specific conceptions of â€Å"Human Good.† At the same time as the reader gets to this part of the book he/she is probably wondering what Aristotle means by human good. Human good as seen through the eyes of Aristotle is the ability to be morally sound, or to be just in the actions we make as humans. May Hope states almost the same thing from the book â€Å"Aristotles Ethics: Moral Development and Human Nature.† She along with the arguments of Sparague states that Aristotle’s theoryShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Hobbes : A Comparison Of Human Nature1641 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Hobbes: A Comparison of Human Nature Theory Aristotle and Hobbes present two fundamentally distinct doctrines about the conception of politics, human affairs, and the nature of man. Specifically, both philosophers express vying interpretations of human nature. Even though Aristotle and Hobbes similarly use their understanding of human nature to conceptualize their politics, they both express differing views about the aims for which they believe human beings act and exist. In a ratherRead MoreReconciling The Divergence Of The Nature Of Man Between Classic And Modern Thinkers1425 Words   |  6 PagesReconciling the Divergence of the Nature of Man between Classic and Modern Thinkers Within Book 2 of Plato’s work The Republic, Socrates’ companion Glaucon describes the tale of the ring of Gyges, challenging Socrates on the nature of man. Within the ring of Gyges scenario, Glaucon posits that when an individual has the power granted by a ring of absolute invisibility that grants impunity, â€Å"no one [†¦] would be so incorruptible that he would stay on the path of justice or stay away from other people’sRead MoreThe State Is The Pinnacle Of Civilization1600 Words   |  7 Pagestheorists more specifically Aristotle and Thomas Hobbes. At least one thousand years separates these two thinkers, but both have postulated the formation of the state and its contribution to different entities one being the relationship between the individual. Each of their works, Politics and The Leviathan outline differing viewpoints on the formation and the purpose of the state and its importance to politics and government. The highest form of human civilization for Aristotle is the city-state. ARead MoreAristotle s View Of Politics Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand what Aristotle means when he says man is a Zoon politikon it is essential to understand the concept and reasoning behind his writings of The politics as a whole. This essay intends to discuss Aristotle s view of politics through the way in which he layers the fundamental concept of hierarchy of humans and natural societies to show that man by nature works for the common good. I will also discuss the conflicting views between the works of both Aristotle and Hobbes in order to graspRead MoreEstrangement: Political Philosophy and Good Life Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesextraneare: to treat as a stranger. So do humans by nature treat others as strangers, are they alienated from one another at there core? Tinder attempts to show us two such philosophers who would show us the two sides of this argument so that we may gain clarity and decide the essence of humans with the knowledge of great thinkers as our foundation. Those two great thinkers are Aristotle who believes that humans are not estranged, and Thomas Hobbes who subscribes to the idea that humans are estrangedRead MoreThe Philosophy of Thomas Hobbs Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbss philosophy Hobbes Moral: Thomas Hobbes is known best for his political thought and the English philosopher. The vision of Hobbes for the world is still relevant to modern politics. He always focus the problems of social and political order: that how human beings can keep away the terror of civil and difference to live together in peace and got authorize to decide every social and political matter. Otherwise state of nature anticipate us and closely remind us of civil war where thereRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Leviathan And Nicomachean Ethics1602 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbes and Aristotle address the role that governments have in the promotion of good virtue amongst their citizens in The Leviathan and Nicomachean Ethics. The authors offer ideas along similar lines. This is in regards to the belief that Hobbes and Aristotle hold, which is that governments do have a role in promoting good morals and leading a virtuous life; Hobbes by sovereignty and Aristotle through means of reaching telos. Thomas Ho bbes’ position is made in The Leviathan, in which he arguesRead MoreComparison of Aristotle and Thomas Hobbes Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference between Aristotle and Hobbes, and in turn classical and modern political philosophies’, with regard to a good life and happiness is that of normative judgments about the good life. While Hobbes rejects normative judgments about the good life and discusses human actions without attributions of moral quality, Aristotle offers the exact opposite. In Ethics, Aristotle differentiates between good and evil actions along with what the best good, or summum bonum, for all humans while Hobbes approach arguesRead MoreAristotle s Views On Happiness And Moral Virtue Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesHappiness and Moral Virtue Every few decades, an individual revolutionizes the way that we think and perceive the world. During the year 300 B.C., the foundation of philosophy was started by Aristotle and his learning from Plato and Socrates. A few centuries later, Thomas Hobbes beliefs challenged Aristotle s views. At the time, it was not known that their ideas would revolutionize the way we see the world around us today. Even though they both made life changing discoveries, their ideas differedRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1256 Words   |  6 Pagesand Aristotle, modern philosophers focused more prominently on human nature instead of the pressing matters of diverse government systems. Granted, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke do discuss political systems to some extent, but they are nowhere near as invested in the ideas of the just and political systems which enticed Plato and Socrates. John Locke was a forward thinker who believed that man is inherently a social animal. Thomas Hobbes takes the counter to this theory with the belief that man is

The Classroom As A Culture Of Peace - 985 Words

The Classroom as a Culture of Peace In a first-grade classroom the teacher has heard about how important it is to include multicultural activities. She begins doing so by spending a few days on different countries. When studying the countries the teacher teaches the students things such as the country’s flag, language, food, clothing, and music. Holidays are also included in the few days of study about the country. At a first glance, one could easily say the teacher has incorporated multicultural studies into her classroom. However, upon closer inspection of what it truly means to incorporate multicultural studies, it could be determined that the teacher was taking a superficial approach, known as a ‘tourist approach’ to teaching the students about different countries and cultures. Once this has been brought to the third-grade teacher’s attention, she quickly researches better ways to teach students about countries and cultures and changes her curricu lum accordingly. She finds that she was right in starting multicultural education at a young age for the children (Berthelsen Karuppiah, 2011, p. 38). She also found it is better to connect it to the students and their families, to connect it to the students’ lives, to include hands-on activities, and to explore similarities among the different groups of people. Many multiculturalism lesson plans are available that do not use the ‘tourist approach’. In addition to these lesson plans which can be found on theShow MoreRelated All You Need is Love: The History of the Peace Corps Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1960s many Americans attempted to redefine their nations identity both at home and abroad while the Peace Corps was taking place. Nothing reflected this better than the Peace Corps. In All You Need is Love Elizabeth Cobbs-Hoffman explores the history of the Peace Corps, and reveals, that by tracing its development in the last forty years, one can gain a better understanding on how it became the ideal institution of social reform in the 1960s. Cobbs-Hoffman begins her story by exploring theRead MoreEducation Is An Essential Part Of Human Growth And Development832 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is an essential part of human growth and development. Through learning and exploration, it can be difficult for students to find successful ways to go through schooling when they face struggles that are out of the classroom. As a teacher, I want to work with those students who fall through the cracks and find ways to motivate them towards their goals. It is important for me to think of ways for students to improve on their terms and create an environment for their learning. As a teacherRead MoreHigh School Is A Dire Situation Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Currently, Thurgood Marshall High School is in dire straits. They are experiencing profound problems impacting school culture, safety, and most vitally, student performance. What follows is a description of these situational problems and a detailed analysis of their root causes. To begin, there is an incredible level of strife between virtually all relationships within the school. High levels of tension exist among staff members, students, between the students and the staff, and even betweenRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Communication And Communication975 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic that I chose is the Barriers to intercultural communication in the classroom settings ,the reason for picking this is because there are so many interesting ways you can turn this to in this paper .In a way that I am going to focus on the classroom setting of the barriers to intercultural communication between different cultures is a major topic for communication theorists. Today, both cultural and communication has evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another. InterculturalRead MoreRacism On Racism1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmore stress and fear among many individuals across the world. The question that has come up many times is When and where ar e we supposed to learn about race so that we will be able to move forward as a union? I believe racial discussions in the classroom should be the building block for turning society into a more peaceful and respectful place. From experience, being a young, black female, I have experienced racial inequality in the workplace, at school, at church, and in many other places in societyRead MoreThe Learning And Schooling Course1784 Words   |  8 Pagesconcepts that I took away from my culture and schooling course. These three concepts include reacting to tragedy in the classroom, incorporating culture into the classroom, and creating a ‘peace class’. Each of these things are important to incorporate into my future classrooms. The first important concept that I thought was important to learn about this semester was how we can react to tragedy in a classroom. Talking about how to handle tragedy in the classroom is such an important topic forRead MoreThe Mosaic Of Diverse Cultures And Ethnic Backgrounds1688 Words   |  7 PagesCanada is known to be a mosaic of diverse cultures and ethnic backgrounds. In Canada’s relatively short lifetime, it has not instigated any wars; in combination with our peace-keeping approach to most discourse, this has gained the country the reputation of being a more â€Å"friendly† nation. The general amiability of Canadians is revered worldwide and our democratic society draws immigrants from around the globe to build lives here. With the amount of diversity we possess, it is necessary to broadenRead MoreThe Is The Word For Hospitality Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesteam is known as the â€Å"Lions of Teranga†. Other Senegalese values such as Kersa (respect for others) and Tegin (good manners) make the country known for its welcoming nature. My masters’ degree in international peace and conflict resolution taught me that the inclusivity of Senegalese culture is an important factor for resolving wars and disputes. While having the joy of teaching English, I want to also learn about cultural characteristics that explain its peaceful nature and how they can be encouragedRead MoreClassroom Is A Balance Of Freedom And Discipline1559 Words   |  7 Pageswindow of an Elementary classroom, ages 6-12 you will see a steady â€Å"hum† of activity. There will be children sitting in small groups working together, some children are working alone, a small group of children will be sitting on the floor with the teacher receiving a lesson. Older students might be helping younger students, children will be moving about the classroom, children will be working with manipulatives, and some might be absorbed in research. The element ary classroom is a very busy communityRead MoreWhen Creating Curriculum Plans : Educators Should Interpret And Understand The Learning Context ( Or Learning Scenario )780 Words   |  4 Pagescontext (or learning scenario). Explain your interpretation of the scenario of your chosen curriculum plan. Students in Marika’s class show by their comments and actions, that they have a low understanding of multiculturalism and acceptance of other cultures. The student that makes the remarks is only repeating what he has heard. This is common in young children according to MacNaughton (MacNaughton, 2000). The student who made the comments indicates that he is unaware exactly who ‘boat people’ are,

Mutagen Free Essays

Quantification of a Mutagen: Tobacco By Selenia Lopez November 30, 2012 Section 44 Abstract: Tobacco is commonly used and kills millions until this day. Tobacco is a potential mutagen due to all the chemicals added. The spot overlay Ames test was conducted to test at what concentration of tobacco was it at the most mutagenic. We will write a custom essay sample on Mutagen or any similar topic only for you Order Now The hypothesis of this experiment was as the concentration of tobacco increases, the growth of bacteria increases. The control for this experiment had a UV positive and a UV negative. Four different tobacco concentrations, Salmonella Typhimurium of strain 1538 were incubated for 24-72 hours to observe bacterial growth. At a 100% bacterial growth was at its greatest number of colonization and at 5% the mutagen was at its least. These results reflected that tobacco has the ability to grow without histidine making it a mutagen and at which concentration was it the most mutagenic. Intro: A mutagen is a substance which increases the frequency of mutation in a plant or animal population, which can lead to a variety of consequences or alterations in the DNA structure (Ligorio, Izzotti, Pulliero, Arrigo 2011). Salmonella being a mutagen can cause mutations such as substitution, insertion, deletion and frame shift depending on the strain. S. typhimurium carries a defective gene making it unable to synthesize histidine from its culture medium. Some types of mutations can be reversed with the gene regaining its function. Tobacco having lots of chemicals with possibility of being mutagenic is known to kill an estimated six million people worldwide each year and drains $500 billion annually. It can be consumed as a pesticide and in the form of nicotine tartrate. It is sometimes used in some medicines, but most commonly used as a drug. The use of Ames test is based on the assumption that any substance that is mutagenic. For this eason the FDA uses the Ames test to screen many chemicals to measures the mutagenic strength in bacterial cells (FDA 2012). In this experiment to test whether tobacco is mutagenic and if so at what concentration has the greatest bacterial growth. The spot overlay Ames test was conducted. Though it’s a cheap version of the Ames test, the result were still compatible. The hypothesis of this ex periment was as the concentration of tobacco increases, the growth increases. The greatest growth should occur in the 100% concentration and the least in the 5% concentration. Methods and materials: The control for the experiment was an Agar plate that had a UV positive reactant with a known mutagen, and UV negative reactant that hasn’t been reactant with anything. With a micro pipette that amounted to 250ul, strain TA 1538 of Salmonella was Obtained and placed on to the Agar plate and spread with a sterilized rod. The four paper discs that have been soaked in the 5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of tobacco concentration were placed spaced apart on the plate. The plate was sealed and place it in the incubator at 37 degree for 24-72 hours. Results: Table 1: The table shows the concentration of mutagens to the number of colonies observed. Concentrations | Colonies | 100% | 39 | 50% | 13 | 25% | 8 | 5% | 2 | The control resulted in the UV positive having growth and the UV negative having none at all. At a 100% bacterial growth was at its greatest number of colonization at 39. At 5% the mutagen was at its least with only 2 colonies. Discussion: The mutagenic effect of the chemical has caused many bacteria to regain the ability to grow without histidine in tobacco, causing the formation of the colonies seen around the disc (Pounikar and Dawande 2010). Not only is a tobacco a mutagen, but colony growth increased as the concentration increased. The hypothesis was supported according to the data show in the table. Even though the disc were slightly shifted. The numbers were still attainable. The 100% concentration had the highest bacterial colonization and the 5% concentration had the least as predicted. In future experiments, more trials can be done. In order to make sure the results will remain the same every time; or using other mutagens to see how they react in the 100% concentration. This type of experiment can also be useful in finding out whether smoking tobacco or chewing tobacco is more mutagenic or if the different brands make a difference on how mutagenic they can be. Works Cited Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources: Pounikar, R and Dawande, A. Y. (2010). Detection of potential carcinogens by Ames test. Doi: 01: 57-64. Department of Health Sciences: Ligorion M, Izzotti A, Pulliero A, and Arrigo P. (2011) Mutagens interfere with microRNA maturation by inhibiting DICER. An in silico biology analysis. Doi: 10. 1016 www. FDA. gov: Li Y, Yan J, Bishop M, Jones MY, Watanabe F, Biris AS, Rice P, Zhou T, Chen T. (2011) Genotoxicity evaluation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using the Ames test and Comet assay. How to cite Mutagen, Essay examples Mutagen Free Essays Quantification of a Mutagen: Tobacco By Selenia Lopez November 30, 2012 Section 44 Abstract: Tobacco is commonly used and kills millions until this day. Tobacco is a potential mutagen due to all the chemicals added. The spot overlay Ames test was conducted to test at what concentration of tobacco was it at the most mutagenic. We will write a custom essay sample on Mutagen or any similar topic only for you Order Now The hypothesis of this experiment was as the concentration of tobacco increases, the growth of bacteria increases. The control for this experiment had a UV positive and a UV negative. Four different tobacco concentrations, Salmonella Typhimurium of strain 1538 were incubated for 24-72 hours to observe bacterial growth. At a 100% bacterial growth was at its greatest number of colonization and at 5% the mutagen was at its least. These results reflected that tobacco has the ability to grow without histidine making it a mutagen and at which concentration was it the most mutagenic. Intro: A mutagen is a substance which increases the frequency of mutation in a plant or animal population, which can lead to a variety of consequences or alterations in the DNA structure (Ligorio, Izzotti, Pulliero, Arrigo 2011). Salmonella being a mutagen can cause mutations such as substitution, insertion, deletion and frame shift depending on the strain. S. typhimurium carries a defective gene making it unable to synthesize histidine from its culture medium. Some types of mutations can be reversed with the gene regaining its function. Tobacco having lots of chemicals with possibility of being mutagenic is known to kill an estimated six million people worldwide each year and drains $500 billion annually. It can be consumed as a pesticide and in the form of nicotine tartrate. It is sometimes used in some medicines, but most commonly used as a drug. The use of Ames test is based on the assumption that any substance that is mutagenic. For this eason the FDA uses the Ames test to screen many chemicals to measures the mutagenic strength in bacterial cells (FDA 2012). In this experiment to test whether tobacco is mutagenic and if so at what concentration has the greatest bacterial growth. The spot overlay Ames test was conducted. Though it’s a cheap version of the Ames test, the result were still compatible. The hypothesis of this ex periment was as the concentration of tobacco increases, the growth increases. The greatest growth should occur in the 100% concentration and the least in the 5% concentration. Methods and materials: The control for the experiment was an Agar plate that had a UV positive reactant with a known mutagen, and UV negative reactant that hasn’t been reactant with anything. With a micro pipette that amounted to 250ul, strain TA 1538 of Salmonella was Obtained and placed on to the Agar plate and spread with a sterilized rod. The four paper discs that have been soaked in the 5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of tobacco concentration were placed spaced apart on the plate. The plate was sealed and place it in the incubator at 37 degree for 24-72 hours. Results: Table 1: The table shows the concentration of mutagens to the number of colonies observed. Concentrations | Colonies | 100% | 39 | 50% | 13 | 25% | 8 | 5% | 2 | The control resulted in the UV positive having growth and the UV negative having none at all. At a 100% bacterial growth was at its greatest number of colonization at 39. At 5% the mutagen was at its least with only 2 colonies. Discussion: The mutagenic effect of the chemical has caused many bacteria to regain the ability to grow without histidine in tobacco, causing the formation of the colonies seen around the disc (Pounikar and Dawande 2010). Not only is a tobacco a mutagen, but colony growth increased as the concentration increased. The hypothesis was supported according to the data show in the table. Even though the disc were slightly shifted. The numbers were still attainable. The 100% concentration had the highest bacterial colonization and the 5% concentration had the least as predicted. In future experiments, more trials can be done. In order to make sure the results will remain the same every time; or using other mutagens to see how they react in the 100% concentration. This type of experiment can also be useful in finding out whether smoking tobacco or chewing tobacco is more mutagenic or if the different brands make a difference on how mutagenic they can be. Works Cited Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources: Pounikar, R and Dawande, A. Y. (2010). Detection of potential carcinogens by Ames test. Doi: 01: 57-64. Department of Health Sciences: Ligorion M, Izzotti A, Pulliero A, and Arrigo P. (2011) Mutagens interfere with microRNA maturation by inhibiting DICER. An in silico biology analysis. Doi: 10. 1016 www. FDA. gov: Li Y, Yan J, Bishop M, Jones MY, Watanabe F, Biris AS, Rice P, Zhou T, Chen T. (2011) Genotoxicity evaluation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using the Ames test and Comet assay. How to cite Mutagen, Papers

Essay on Chinese Business Etiquette-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are to prepare a formal analytical essay of strictly on Chinese business etiquette and steps that Mary can use to make a favourable first impression when she visits China to meet with Mr. Lau. You will need to provide some research grounded. Answer: When any of the business expands to the international country, one of the major factors that act as the challenge for the business is culture. Different countries have different culture and thus these culture acts as the base for the business environment and the way the business runs in the countries. Culture can be defined as the set of values, attitude and beliefs of the people that are taught because of the society and the other people in the group (Kinloch and Metge, 2014). This is the essay that examines the efforts that needs to be made by Mary in order to meet the Chinese business man. This is because she belongs to Australia and wants to expand her business in China. As there are many cultural differences thus it is required to analyse the same and behave accordingly in order to make the deals successful. Culture of any of the place can easily be identified by hofstede cultural dimension. It is the tool that involves various aspects in which the place or the country is being scored and the cultural dimension are being analysed. It is the best tool to compare the culture of the two countries and also helps in making the business strategies as per the different culture. In this case, China is the country whose dimension needs to be analysed. The first dimension of this tool is power distance (Kreuz and Roberts, 2017). It is the dimension that deals with the fact that the individuals in the society are not equal. This is the dimension that talks about the attitude of the culture towards the inequalities that are present in the society. As far as China is considered, it has been analysed that the scoring of China is 80in this context. This suggests that the people in China accept the power distance and the inequalities between the subordinates and the superiors. Australia is very differen t from china because Australia scores 30 in the same (Zhao and Tam, 2015). Mary has to develop the understanding of this culture of China and their businessmen and approach accordingly. The next dimension is about individualism. It is the factor that describes about the degree of the interdependence the people have on each other in the society. The societies with individualistic nature believe in looking after themselves and their close family while the people with collectivist nature have opposite agenda and beliefs. China is the country having the score 20 in this which makes it highly collectivist in nature. On the other hand, with the score of 90, Australia is the country with highly individualistic thinking. Here also, the dimension clashes between Australia and China thus creates cross cultural communication issues. Next is the dimension of masculinity that refers to the characteristics of the society and the factors that motivates the society to work. The societies with high masculinity nature believe in competition, achievement and success while the society with feminist characteristics believes in quality of life (Mazanec, 2015). China scores 66 and Australia scores 61 in this context. This suggests that there is slight difference and both the societies are masculine in characters. This suggests that the people gets motivate when they feel competition and they wants to have success at cost of losing their quality of life. Another important dimension that is included by Hofstede in its model is uncertainty avoidance. It is the aspect that focuses in the ways in which the society deals with the unknown future. The scoring in this aspect is related to the extent to which the society or the people of the country feel threatened of the unambiguous situations in the future. With the score 30, Chine se are comfortable with the uncertainties are flexible enough to change as per the situations. The Chinese language is also full of ambiguous meanings. It has been analysed that Australia is the country that scores 51 in this context. This suggests that they are in the middle of the situation and the society in Australia may or may not be threatened from the uncertanities.it depends the situations and the individualistic nature of the organisations or the person (Bhakta, 2016). The next dimension is related to the type of approach followed by the companies and the society. The long terms orientations the approach where the society believes in linking with the past and historical beliefs for facing the challenges in present and future while the societies with short term orientation believes in dealing with the things that runs for shirt term and do not relate the past and the present. The score of china that is 87 suggests that the society in China is very much focused on their long term orientation and also believes in following their traditional practices and rules and regulation for present and future issues. They think about the future and keep the futuristic approach to work (Minkov, 2017). On the other hand Australians believe in short term approach and thus believes in getting quick results. The last one is the dimension of indulgence that deals with the extent to which the people tries to control their desires. China is the society that is considered as Restrained because of the low score that is 24. Societies with a low score in this dimension have an affinity to suspicion and pessimism. Also, in contrast to Indulgent societies, restrained societies do not put much stress on relaxation time and control the fulfilment of their desires. People with this orientation have the insight that their actions are controlled by communal norms and feel that coddling themselves is rather wrong. As per the discussion above, it has been analysed that there are four dimensions in which the Australian culture is very different from the Chinese culture and thus Mary has to take initiatives to deal with these differences as lot of cross culture miscommunication can emerged out of the interaction of a Chinese businessman to the Australian businessman (Zhao, Kwon and Yang, 2016). The major miscommunication can be because of the language. Language always is the biggest issue when cross cultural communication comes in picture. It has been realised that Chinese is the language that is full of ambiguity in its meaning and thus Mary not only have to learn the language but also have to learn about the perception of the Chinese people. Cross cultural communication issues also develops when the people have different approaches towards their work (Deresky, 2017). As Chinese people have long term orientation while Australian have short term orientation and thus Mary have to make the things a ccordingly. She has to show the business long term objectives to the Chinese business man rather than short term goals. As far as Chinese business etiquettes are considered it has been observed that Chinese business men are very much concerned about the way people greet and the way the meeting starts. It has been recommended to Mary that she should prepare everything and develop a plan before conduction of the meetings (Islam, 2017). It is required to learn some of the words in Chinese as it is appreciated by the Chinese business people. As discussed in the power distance section that Chinese has unequal power distribution and it is accepted by the people there while Mary is from the country where the power distance score is very low that is in Australia. Thus, it is required by Mary to develop that understating and at the time of meeting it is required by her to enter as per the hierarchical position with her colleagues. Another major thing that needs to be considered is to create an impression (Triandis, 2018). Recommendations: The Chinese people believe in building relationship with the clients and this Mary should try to develop a positive and trust worthy relationship with the Chinese people. It has been also been observed that the society of Chinese people are collectivist in nature and thus Mary, who belongs to the society with individualistic nature have to develop the strategies and the activities that involves the team and the goals of the business proposal should provide the mutual concern for the business and the employees (Weller, 2018). The first meeting for the business should be initiated with short conversation and many meetings should be conducted after the first meeting to ensure that the relationship can be developed and maintained so that the deal can be finalised easily (Luthans and Doh, 2018). As Mary is in Food business thus, she has to propose the business in such a way so that it is portrayed as related to the Chinese cuisine. This is the only strategy to attract the Chinese business man as they may look for localisation in the food materials. Thus, it has been recommended to Mary that she should follow the above discussed practices in order to have successful meeting. This discussion concludes that cross cultural communication cannot be maintained so easily and thus individuals like Mary has to make the efforts in order to make face these challenges by understating the basis of another culture that differs from pace to place. References: Bhakta, V., Lee, A., Kaye, W., Blanchard, C., Trivedi, H., Galceran, A. And Steinberg, H., 2016, January. Supply chain management: customer service hofstede's cultural dimensions in china, japan, the usa. InAllied Academies International Conference. Academy of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues. Proceedings(Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 1). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Islam, T., 2017. Practices of Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business-A Conceptual Analysis on Managing Corporate Expansion: A Review Study.J Bus Fin Aff,6(280), pp.2167-0234. Kinloch, P. And Metge, J., 2014.Talking past each other: problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Kreuz, R.J. and Roberts, R.M., 2017.Getting Through: The Pleasures and Perils of Cross-Cultural Communication. MIT Press. Luthans, F. And Doh, J.P., 2018.International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. Mcgraw-Hill. Mazanec, J.A., Crotts, J.C., Gursoy, D. And Lu, L., 2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, pp.299-304. Minkov, M., 2017. A revision of Hofstedes model of national culture: old evidence and new data from 56 countries.Cross Cultural Strategic Management. Triandis, H.C., 2018.Individualism and collectivism. Routledge. Oxon. Weller, R.P., 2018.Alternate civilities: Democracy and culture in China and Taiwan. Routledge. Zhao, H.Y., Kwon, J.W. and Yang, O.S., 2016. Updating Hofstede's Cultural Model and Tracking Changes in Cultural Indices. Zhao, M. And Tam, K.Y.B., 2015, July. The need for effective cross-cultural communication in creative industries: Two case studies. InInnovation in Design, Communication and Engineering: Proceedings of the 2014 3rd International Conference on Innovation, Communication and Engineering (ICICE 2014), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China, October 17-22, 2014(p. 229). CRC Press